Jacek

Results of recent kinetic two-dimensional particle-in-cell studies of high Mach-number nonrelativistic perpendicular shocks with applications to young supernova remnants are reported. These new large-scale simulations sample a representative portion of the shock surface to fully account for time-dependent effects. They are performed for different orientations of the average large-scale magnetic field with respect to the 2D simulation plane to allow an insight into the 3D physics. We discuss the nonlinear shock structure and particle energization processes with emphasis on the dynamics on electron heating and pre-acceleration needed for their injection into diffusive shock acceleration. To this end we investigate the microphysics of electron acceleration during spontaneous turbulent magnetic reconnection at the shock ramp and compare the efficiency of these processes to electron energization resulting from their interactions with electrostatic Buneman modes in the shock foot. The influence of the global shock front nonstationarity effects such as the shock rippling and self-reformation is also discussed.